Wednesday, April 21, 2010

MIDTERM EXAM RESULTS

NUMBER TOTAL
2008209087  71
2007100040  57
2007100961  28
2008207057  54
2008208015  70
2008208102  83
2008209081  67
2008110117  60
2008301324  32
2007300085  0
2008208120  72
2008207099  102
2008208135  86
2007101096  33
2007200124  62
2008210006  88
2004101570  62
2007102401  99
2004103070  0
2009302198  98
2009205024  0
2008110015  78
2008208084  33
2008207003  42
8682458  0
2008107060  27
2007101924  87
2009209099  0
2007100487  48
2008209060  90
2004102104  0
2008110072  36
2008208063  63
2009207081  42
2008207111  101
2007104201  50
2006103085  54
2009207171  67
2007101774  86
2007102851  0
2008110075  92
2005200069  0
2007103376  70
2007101474  54
2008207081  80
2008110018  74
8906453  0
2008208129  78
2008209015  66
2008207039  96
2008207114  80
2008110147  68
2004100046  0
2007101021  90
2008110105  61
2008208060  74
2009209153  78
2008209126  0
2008302225  16
2007200324  25
2008209075  78
2004104489  51
2000101834  0
2008208045  82
2008302204  64
2008208000  28
2008207075  50
2004102221  21
2008208069  51
2005100934  86
9311109  0
2008302216  74
2008302258  93
2007100334  64
2008110060  72
2007101297  34
2008302039  52
2006104525  70
2007104129  0
2008110030  60
2008207090  55
2008207060  69
2008209105  0
2008110129  90
2008208105  95
2008207042  92
2009208030  91
2009690441  50
2008207138  81
2007101939  36
2008209036  68
2009208039  80
2009208126  86
2009302195  79
2008302057  84
2008207069  75
2007103025  38
2009302087  101
2004101069  0
2008110000  45
2008209042  76
2005102866  0
2007101834  103
2008207063  65
2005101954  12
2008302162  87
2008302240  81
2008207120  64
2008502141  43
2007103430  38
2009208024  90
2007104306  0
2008208072  54
2008301213  85
2007100703  62
2008208024  61
2008207036  54
2008207048  74
2008207051  79
2008208057  52
2007101126  70
2007101933  48
2008208054  68
2007300004  90
2008207054  69
2008209069  43
2008209090  22
2008209054  81
2008208087  43
2008207129  87
2005100718  0
2008209123  37
2008208111  58
2009680697  98
2008209117  75
2008209114  89
2006104747  79
2007100457  43
2007103214  82
9900223  0
2003200087  0
2009660369  82
2007103208  82
2008110078  48
9900442  0
2008208093  51
2006103478  0
2008302069  65
2009207075  51
2008209024  80
2005100553  58
2008110042  47
2008209063  49
2008110135  70
2008502171  53
2008207093  78
2007100475  45
2009209081  75
2006100934  70
2005101975  72
2008207012  69
2008110141  19
2008302090  57
2006000097  0
2008207045  43
2008209045  41
2008301207  32
2008208108  68
2008110003  28
2008302018  77
2009302141  98
2009302279  104
2007100694  49
2008207078  70
2008302255  22
2008302042  80
2008302036  95
2008207132  95
2008208048  74
2009302135  92
2008208042  79
2006101270  79
2006102416  54
2008110093  58
2009302261  66
2009302291  84
2008207033  89
2008207102  0
2008208006  38
2007102233  84
2005100427  15
2003101072  85
2006101120  38
2008207027  93
2008209027  87
2008207105  69
2008110066  73
2008110096  69
2008207084  40
2000102413  0
2008207126  80
2007102389  32
2008208009  57
2008207135  58
2008208126  58
2005100139  43
2007103841  45
2008208027  57
2009302267  99
2006104495  27
2008302144  56
2007101171  72
2008208003  71
2003102932  0
2008302066  97
2009208141  70
2009690522  0
2008207009  59
2005101789  97
2009208090  80
2008209078  91
2007104075  0
2003104423  25
2008207066  77
2002101714  0
2005102905  0
2008205006  26
2008302237  95
2009302297  96
2008110024  52
2009302009  102
2008209129  56
2008302120  73
2005000113  37
2008207108  55
2008302075  73
2006100940  49
2009207096  85
2009302282  12
2008207018  57
2005103286  0
2007103853  49
2007103142  43
2006100730  0
2008110087  60
2004100727  92
2006102083  53
2006102602  59
2008208018  75
2009208018  64
2007100544  0
2007100085  0
2008302174  83
2006103235  52
2007101504  80
2008110120  65
2005101318  62
2008209030  87
2009302231  78
2008209093  42
2008209120  62
2008209000  27
2009302300  87
2008209156  0
2008302138  64
2008207006  75
2007101705  33
2008110048  30
2008208132  48
2007100958  79
2007101408  73
2008208099  77
2008208066  59
2005103241  0
2008208039  60
2008207123  59
2009660492  98
2006105077  61
2008207024  94
2007101642  21
2004101936  16
2008302222  69
2009302150  90
2008209132  30
2009201030  0
2007101099  62
2008110090  50
2008208141  68
2007103394  31
9500730  0
2008302126  81
2008209099  104
2008207030  88
2009208051  94

Average:56.4

Sunday, April 18, 2010

MIDTERM MAKE UP

HIST 106 midterm makeup will be held tomorrow (April 20 Tuesday), at TB 415, 13.00 o'clock. You must have medical reports in order to be able to take the exam.

Sunday, April 11, 2010

MIDTERM EXAM PLACES

HIST 106 Midterm exam will be held at 12 April 2010, 17.00. Exam places are as follows:

ADALI-DOKMECIER: NH 101
DONMEZ-GUZELOGLU: NH 102
HAPPANI-KONYA: NH 103
KOSTOJCINOSKI-OZGUMUSTAS: NH 104
OZKECECI-YUKSEL: NH 105

Saturday, April 10, 2010

AGE OF CAPITALISM (ALL LECTURES OUTLINE)

Origins of Capitalism
Capitalism, as a social system, where production is organised for exchange in the market for profit.

The novelty of this form of social organisation, historically specific.

Different accounts of the rise of capitalism

Commercialisation model: assumes rational individuals, markets as arenas of opportunity, associates capitalism with cities, continuity in history, bourgeois as the agent of change.

Critiques of the commercialisation model

Karl Polanyi: from markets to the market society

The rise of the market society in historically specific conditions and the necessary intervention of the state

The transition from feudalism to capitalism

England

France

The dynamics of agrarian relations: the agrarian origins of capitalism.


Mercantilism and Free Trade
Mercantilism as economic nationalism, protectionism

Rise of the absolutist states in Britain and France, and mercantilist policies

Colonialism and mercantilism

Adam Smith and laissez faire

The idea of a natural order: the invisible hand, division of labour

English industrialisation and free trade policies


The Industrial Revolution
Technological development is the result, not the cause

Agricultural origins

Creation of markets in land, labour and goods

English industrialisation:
the role of enclosures for the creation of a market in labour power, dispossession of peasants, emergence of a gentry and a class of wage labourers, the role of the Tudor monarchy, creation of a home market

The factory system

The family firm

Continental industrialisation as a reaction to English industrialisation

Latecomers

Protectionism

The role of railway construction

German industrialisation


Imperialism (1875-1914)
Imperialism and capitalism
Imperialism and industrialisation

The distribution or redistribution of the world as colonies among half a dozen European states
(land grab)

Economic motives

White settler communities

Raw materials

Markets

Protectionism

The fusion of economic and political motives

Impact on the colonized world

Impact on the metropolitan countries


The Working Class and the Bourgeoisie
Democratisation of politics at the turn of the 20th century

Expansion of the electorate

Participation of the poor and the unprivileged to politics

Rise of mass working class parties

Trade unions

Suburban lifestyle as symbolic of the waning of middle class influence on politics

The link between the bourgeoisie and puritan values broken: spending as important as earning, the birth of the leisure class, tourism, sports

Changing structures of the bourgeois family

Who is middle class?
lifestyle and culture, leisurely activities and education as class markers

The growth and insecurity of the lower middle classes

Radical right in politics

Imperialism, war and nationalism

Friday, April 9, 2010

FRENCH REVOLUTION

French Revolution is also an Enlightenment practice, but there is a mismatch between ideals of the Enlightenment and social realities of 1780s.

Social structure of France, 3 orders: 1. Nobility 2. Clergy 3. The Rest/Third Estate/Tiers Etat. Each had only one vote in the Parliament.

Third Estate dominated by the bourgeosie, ambitious to be recognized as equal to the others, unconcerned with the case of large masses.

First phase of the revolution, 1789-1792, king remains in his place, bourgeois phase.

Second phase, 1792-1794, is the radical phase, led by the Jacobins under the leadership of Maximilien Robespierre. King executed, new calendar, Christianity prohibited, the cult of the Supreme Being.

Increasing strength of Napoleon Bonaparte in France, finally declaring himself as emperor.




DANTON

AMERICAN REVOLUTION: AN ENLIGHTENMENT EXPERIMENT

1. The Political Philosophy of the Enlightenment: The Glorious
Revolution, John Locke, and the theory of balanced government


2. Rational Claims for Self-Rule: The Declaration of Independence

3. The Machinery of American Democracy: A rational system of checks and balances

The abortive Articles of Confederation



The U.S. Constitution: A balance no longer between estates, but between types and sources of power



Vertical: Federal, state, county, and municipal
Horizontal: Executive, legislative, and judicial


Bill of Rights: Balance between government and individual;


Freedom “from” and the freedom “to”

4. Classical Foundations of Republican Virtue
“L’enfant’s District of Columbia
Revolutionary heroes as Roman senators

5. Republicanism to Liberalism: Tocqueville in Jacksonian America
Nature and capitalism in the new American West



6. Testing the Limits of Independence: The War for the Union and the Definition of American Democracy.








John Adams, the second president of the USA

ENLIGHTENMENT

Enlightenment can be considered as an outcome of Scientific Revolution.

The idea that human reason can alleviate the social conditions gave way to the obsession of the Enlightenment thinkers on the ideal form of government.

Political despotism and religious dogmatism challenged.

John Locke: Two Treatises on Government, legitimation of the English constitutional monarchy.

Montesquieu, the principle of division of powers: legislative, executive, judicial

Voltaire, "enlightened despotism", society ruled by a king who is attached to the principles of Enlightenment and advised by a group of philosophers.

Rousseau, Social Contract,

Encyclopedia, supervised by Denis Diderot and Jean Le Rond d'Alembert, claimed to encompass information on all branches on knowledge, systematically classified. Knowledge ceased to be acquired through an intermediary such as a priest.

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

16th and 17th centuries


1. The term scientific revolution - itself not even used before the 1930s- was coined by historians when the academic world believed and relied on the existence of a coherent and catalysmic event that irrevocably and fundamentally changed what people knew about the natural world. This was seen as the moment at which the world was made modern. Historians called it the most profound achievement of the human mind. As such it outshone everything since the rise of Christianity and that Renaisssance and reformation were nothing compared to it.

2. The idea of revolution first in science and then in political life came after the Enlightenment as the people of the 18th century believed that they were doing something very radical about the ancien regime.

3. Today: a diverse array of cultural practices aimed at understanding, explaining, and controlling the natural environment. The continuity of the medieval past and natural philosophy together with no practice of a universal science method is more and more accepted. So instead we need to look at the aspects of the changes in knowledge about the natural world and changes in means in securing that knowledge.

4. From Copernicus’s new astronomy in the 16th century to Newton in the 17th century. The stages of this are:

mechanization of nature, using mechanical metaphors to explain nature
separating experiencing nature from viewing what nature is really like: depersonalization of knowledge about nature
formulating rules of method to take out human emotion – objevtivity
assuming that this reformed knowledge of nature is benign, powerful and disinterested so that it can be used in social and political life as well.


PRACTITIONERS

Copernicus: Heliocentric Theory (sun-centered astronomy)

Tycho Brahe and his sister Sophia: mid-16th to 17th century, movement of planets around the sun

Johannes Kepler, 1571-1630, Planetary motion and optics

Galileo Galilei 1564-1642, telescope

Descartes, 1596-1650, ‘I think therefore I am’

Isaac Newton, 1642-1727, gravity

Monday, April 5, 2010

Absolutism and beyond: France and English Revolution

The struggle of the European kings to centralize their political control.

Remnants of feudal political system, nobility enjoying a semi-autonomous status, therefore resisting any attempts toward centralization.

The age of Louis XIV (r. 1643-1715)

First cooperation then manipulation and control of the aristocracy.

Sale of offices, creation of a new type of aristocracy totally faithful to Louis.

The old aristocracy kept under surveillence by Louis in Versailles.

Representation of the king as a semi-divine ruler through paintings that depicted him as Apollo or a Roman emperor.

L'Etat, c'est moi (I am the state).


The English kings failed in their struggle toward absolutism.
Stuarts were staunchly resisted by the Parliament, which finally managed to establish constitutional monarchy.
Glorious Revolution 1688.


Louis as a child



Louis and his family






Louis mocked by a comic strip


Versailles