NUMBER TOTAL
2008209087 71
2007100040 57
2007100961 28
2008207057 54
2008208015 70
2008208102 83
2008209081 67
2008110117 60
2008301324 32
2007300085 0
2008208120 72
2008207099 102
2008208135 86
2007101096 33
2007200124 62
2008210006 88
2004101570 62
2007102401 99
2004103070 0
2009302198 98
2009205024 0
2008110015 78
2008208084 33
2008207003 42
8682458 0
2008107060 27
2007101924 87
2009209099 0
2007100487 48
2008209060 90
2004102104 0
2008110072 36
2008208063 63
2009207081 42
2008207111 101
2007104201 50
2006103085 54
2009207171 67
2007101774 86
2007102851 0
2008110075 92
2005200069 0
2007103376 70
2007101474 54
2008207081 80
2008110018 74
8906453 0
2008208129 78
2008209015 66
2008207039 96
2008207114 80
2008110147 68
2004100046 0
2007101021 90
2008110105 61
2008208060 74
2009209153 78
2008209126 0
2008302225 16
2007200324 25
2008209075 78
2004104489 51
2000101834 0
2008208045 82
2008302204 64
2008208000 28
2008207075 50
2004102221 21
2008208069 51
2005100934 86
9311109 0
2008302216 74
2008302258 93
2007100334 64
2008110060 72
2007101297 34
2008302039 52
2006104525 70
2007104129 0
2008110030 60
2008207090 55
2008207060 69
2008209105 0
2008110129 90
2008208105 95
2008207042 92
2009208030 91
2009690441 50
2008207138 81
2007101939 36
2008209036 68
2009208039 80
2009208126 86
2009302195 79
2008302057 84
2008207069 75
2007103025 38
2009302087 101
2004101069 0
2008110000 45
2008209042 76
2005102866 0
2007101834 103
2008207063 65
2005101954 12
2008302162 87
2008302240 81
2008207120 64
2008502141 43
2007103430 38
2009208024 90
2007104306 0
2008208072 54
2008301213 85
2007100703 62
2008208024 61
2008207036 54
2008207048 74
2008207051 79
2008208057 52
2007101126 70
2007101933 48
2008208054 68
2007300004 90
2008207054 69
2008209069 43
2008209090 22
2008209054 81
2008208087 43
2008207129 87
2005100718 0
2008209123 37
2008208111 58
2009680697 98
2008209117 75
2008209114 89
2006104747 79
2007100457 43
2007103214 82
9900223 0
2003200087 0
2009660369 82
2007103208 82
2008110078 48
9900442 0
2008208093 51
2006103478 0
2008302069 65
2009207075 51
2008209024 80
2005100553 58
2008110042 47
2008209063 49
2008110135 70
2008502171 53
2008207093 78
2007100475 45
2009209081 75
2006100934 70
2005101975 72
2008207012 69
2008110141 19
2008302090 57
2006000097 0
2008207045 43
2008209045 41
2008301207 32
2008208108 68
2008110003 28
2008302018 77
2009302141 98
2009302279 104
2007100694 49
2008207078 70
2008302255 22
2008302042 80
2008302036 95
2008207132 95
2008208048 74
2009302135 92
2008208042 79
2006101270 79
2006102416 54
2008110093 58
2009302261 66
2009302291 84
2008207033 89
2008207102 0
2008208006 38
2007102233 84
2005100427 15
2003101072 85
2006101120 38
2008207027 93
2008209027 87
2008207105 69
2008110066 73
2008110096 69
2008207084 40
2000102413 0
2008207126 80
2007102389 32
2008208009 57
2008207135 58
2008208126 58
2005100139 43
2007103841 45
2008208027 57
2009302267 99
2006104495 27
2008302144 56
2007101171 72
2008208003 71
2003102932 0
2008302066 97
2009208141 70
2009690522 0
2008207009 59
2005101789 97
2009208090 80
2008209078 91
2007104075 0
2003104423 25
2008207066 77
2002101714 0
2005102905 0
2008205006 26
2008302237 95
2009302297 96
2008110024 52
2009302009 102
2008209129 56
2008302120 73
2005000113 37
2008207108 55
2008302075 73
2006100940 49
2009207096 85
2009302282 12
2008207018 57
2005103286 0
2007103853 49
2007103142 43
2006100730 0
2008110087 60
2004100727 92
2006102083 53
2006102602 59
2008208018 75
2009208018 64
2007100544 0
2007100085 0
2008302174 83
2006103235 52
2007101504 80
2008110120 65
2005101318 62
2008209030 87
2009302231 78
2008209093 42
2008209120 62
2008209000 27
2009302300 87
2008209156 0
2008302138 64
2008207006 75
2007101705 33
2008110048 30
2008208132 48
2007100958 79
2007101408 73
2008208099 77
2008208066 59
2005103241 0
2008208039 60
2008207123 59
2009660492 98
2006105077 61
2008207024 94
2007101642 21
2004101936 16
2008302222 69
2009302150 90
2008209132 30
2009201030 0
2007101099 62
2008110090 50
2008208141 68
2007103394 31
9500730 0
2008302126 81
2008209099 104
2008207030 88
2009208051 94
Average:56.4
Wednesday, April 21, 2010
Sunday, April 18, 2010
MIDTERM MAKE UP
HIST 106 midterm makeup will be held tomorrow (April 20 Tuesday), at TB 415, 13.00 o'clock. You must have medical reports in order to be able to take the exam.
Sunday, April 11, 2010
MIDTERM EXAM PLACES
HIST 106 Midterm exam will be held at 12 April 2010, 17.00. Exam places are as follows:
ADALI-DOKMECIER: NH 101
DONMEZ-GUZELOGLU: NH 102
HAPPANI-KONYA: NH 103
KOSTOJCINOSKI-OZGUMUSTAS: NH 104
OZKECECI-YUKSEL: NH 105
ADALI-DOKMECIER: NH 101
DONMEZ-GUZELOGLU: NH 102
HAPPANI-KONYA: NH 103
KOSTOJCINOSKI-OZGUMUSTAS: NH 104
OZKECECI-YUKSEL: NH 105
Saturday, April 10, 2010
AGE OF CAPITALISM (ALL LECTURES OUTLINE)
Origins of Capitalism
Capitalism, as a social system, where production is organised for exchange in the market for profit.
The novelty of this form of social organisation, historically specific.
Different accounts of the rise of capitalism
Commercialisation model: assumes rational individuals, markets as arenas of opportunity, associates capitalism with cities, continuity in history, bourgeois as the agent of change.
Critiques of the commercialisation model
Karl Polanyi: from markets to the market society
The rise of the market society in historically specific conditions and the necessary intervention of the state
The transition from feudalism to capitalism
England
France
The dynamics of agrarian relations: the agrarian origins of capitalism.
Mercantilism and Free Trade
Mercantilism as economic nationalism, protectionism
Rise of the absolutist states in Britain and France, and mercantilist policies
Colonialism and mercantilism
Adam Smith and laissez faire
The idea of a natural order: the invisible hand, division of labour
English industrialisation and free trade policies
The Industrial Revolution
Technological development is the result, not the cause
Agricultural origins
Creation of markets in land, labour and goods
English industrialisation:
the role of enclosures for the creation of a market in labour power, dispossession of peasants, emergence of a gentry and a class of wage labourers, the role of the Tudor monarchy, creation of a home market
The factory system
The family firm
Continental industrialisation as a reaction to English industrialisation
Latecomers
Protectionism
The role of railway construction
German industrialisation
Imperialism (1875-1914)
Imperialism and capitalism
Imperialism and industrialisation
The distribution or redistribution of the world as colonies among half a dozen European states
(land grab)
Economic motives
White settler communities
Raw materials
Markets
Protectionism
The fusion of economic and political motives
Impact on the colonized world
Impact on the metropolitan countries
The Working Class and the Bourgeoisie
Democratisation of politics at the turn of the 20th century
Expansion of the electorate
Participation of the poor and the unprivileged to politics
Rise of mass working class parties
Trade unions
Suburban lifestyle as symbolic of the waning of middle class influence on politics
The link between the bourgeoisie and puritan values broken: spending as important as earning, the birth of the leisure class, tourism, sports
Changing structures of the bourgeois family
Who is middle class?
lifestyle and culture, leisurely activities and education as class markers
The growth and insecurity of the lower middle classes
Radical right in politics
Imperialism, war and nationalism
Capitalism, as a social system, where production is organised for exchange in the market for profit.
The novelty of this form of social organisation, historically specific.
Different accounts of the rise of capitalism
Commercialisation model: assumes rational individuals, markets as arenas of opportunity, associates capitalism with cities, continuity in history, bourgeois as the agent of change.
Critiques of the commercialisation model
Karl Polanyi: from markets to the market society
The rise of the market society in historically specific conditions and the necessary intervention of the state
The transition from feudalism to capitalism
England
France
The dynamics of agrarian relations: the agrarian origins of capitalism.
Mercantilism and Free Trade
Mercantilism as economic nationalism, protectionism
Rise of the absolutist states in Britain and France, and mercantilist policies
Colonialism and mercantilism
Adam Smith and laissez faire
The idea of a natural order: the invisible hand, division of labour
English industrialisation and free trade policies
The Industrial Revolution
Technological development is the result, not the cause
Agricultural origins
Creation of markets in land, labour and goods
English industrialisation:
the role of enclosures for the creation of a market in labour power, dispossession of peasants, emergence of a gentry and a class of wage labourers, the role of the Tudor monarchy, creation of a home market
The factory system
The family firm
Continental industrialisation as a reaction to English industrialisation
Latecomers
Protectionism
The role of railway construction
German industrialisation
Imperialism (1875-1914)
Imperialism and capitalism
Imperialism and industrialisation
The distribution or redistribution of the world as colonies among half a dozen European states
(land grab)
Economic motives
White settler communities
Raw materials
Markets
Protectionism
The fusion of economic and political motives
Impact on the colonized world
Impact on the metropolitan countries
The Working Class and the Bourgeoisie
Democratisation of politics at the turn of the 20th century
Expansion of the electorate
Participation of the poor and the unprivileged to politics
Rise of mass working class parties
Trade unions
Suburban lifestyle as symbolic of the waning of middle class influence on politics
The link between the bourgeoisie and puritan values broken: spending as important as earning, the birth of the leisure class, tourism, sports
Changing structures of the bourgeois family
Who is middle class?
lifestyle and culture, leisurely activities and education as class markers
The growth and insecurity of the lower middle classes
Radical right in politics
Imperialism, war and nationalism
Friday, April 9, 2010
FRENCH REVOLUTION
French Revolution is also an Enlightenment practice, but there is a mismatch between ideals of the Enlightenment and social realities of 1780s.
Social structure of France, 3 orders: 1. Nobility 2. Clergy 3. The Rest/Third Estate/Tiers Etat. Each had only one vote in the Parliament.
Third Estate dominated by the bourgeosie, ambitious to be recognized as equal to the others, unconcerned with the case of large masses.
First phase of the revolution, 1789-1792, king remains in his place, bourgeois phase.
Second phase, 1792-1794, is the radical phase, led by the Jacobins under the leadership of Maximilien Robespierre. King executed, new calendar, Christianity prohibited, the cult of the Supreme Being.
Increasing strength of Napoleon Bonaparte in France, finally declaring himself as emperor.
DANTON
Social structure of France, 3 orders: 1. Nobility 2. Clergy 3. The Rest/Third Estate/Tiers Etat. Each had only one vote in the Parliament.
Third Estate dominated by the bourgeosie, ambitious to be recognized as equal to the others, unconcerned with the case of large masses.
First phase of the revolution, 1789-1792, king remains in his place, bourgeois phase.
Second phase, 1792-1794, is the radical phase, led by the Jacobins under the leadership of Maximilien Robespierre. King executed, new calendar, Christianity prohibited, the cult of the Supreme Being.
Increasing strength of Napoleon Bonaparte in France, finally declaring himself as emperor.
DANTON
AMERICAN REVOLUTION: AN ENLIGHTENMENT EXPERIMENT
1. The Political Philosophy of the Enlightenment: The Glorious
Revolution, John Locke, and the theory of balanced government
2. Rational Claims for Self-Rule: The Declaration of Independence
3. The Machinery of American Democracy: A rational system of checks and balances
The abortive Articles of Confederation
The U.S. Constitution: A balance no longer between estates, but between types and sources of power
Vertical: Federal, state, county, and municipal
Horizontal: Executive, legislative, and judicial
Bill of Rights: Balance between government and individual;
Freedom “from” and the freedom “to”
4. Classical Foundations of Republican Virtue
“L’enfant’s District of Columbia
Revolutionary heroes as Roman senators
5. Republicanism to Liberalism: Tocqueville in Jacksonian America
Nature and capitalism in the new American West
6. Testing the Limits of Independence: The War for the Union and the Definition of American Democracy.
John Adams, the second president of the USA
Revolution, John Locke, and the theory of balanced government
2. Rational Claims for Self-Rule: The Declaration of Independence
3. The Machinery of American Democracy: A rational system of checks and balances
The abortive Articles of Confederation
The U.S. Constitution: A balance no longer between estates, but between types and sources of power
Vertical: Federal, state, county, and municipal
Horizontal: Executive, legislative, and judicial
Bill of Rights: Balance between government and individual;
Freedom “from” and the freedom “to”
4. Classical Foundations of Republican Virtue
“L’enfant’s District of Columbia
Revolutionary heroes as Roman senators
5. Republicanism to Liberalism: Tocqueville in Jacksonian America
Nature and capitalism in the new American West
6. Testing the Limits of Independence: The War for the Union and the Definition of American Democracy.
John Adams, the second president of the USA
ENLIGHTENMENT
Enlightenment can be considered as an outcome of Scientific Revolution.
The idea that human reason can alleviate the social conditions gave way to the obsession of the Enlightenment thinkers on the ideal form of government.
Political despotism and religious dogmatism challenged.
John Locke: Two Treatises on Government, legitimation of the English constitutional monarchy.
Montesquieu, the principle of division of powers: legislative, executive, judicial
Voltaire, "enlightened despotism", society ruled by a king who is attached to the principles of Enlightenment and advised by a group of philosophers.
Rousseau, Social Contract,
Encyclopedia, supervised by Denis Diderot and Jean Le Rond d'Alembert, claimed to encompass information on all branches on knowledge, systematically classified. Knowledge ceased to be acquired through an intermediary such as a priest.
The idea that human reason can alleviate the social conditions gave way to the obsession of the Enlightenment thinkers on the ideal form of government.
Political despotism and religious dogmatism challenged.
John Locke: Two Treatises on Government, legitimation of the English constitutional monarchy.
Montesquieu, the principle of division of powers: legislative, executive, judicial
Voltaire, "enlightened despotism", society ruled by a king who is attached to the principles of Enlightenment and advised by a group of philosophers.
Rousseau, Social Contract,
Encyclopedia, supervised by Denis Diderot and Jean Le Rond d'Alembert, claimed to encompass information on all branches on knowledge, systematically classified. Knowledge ceased to be acquired through an intermediary such as a priest.
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
16th and 17th centuries
1. The term scientific revolution - itself not even used before the 1930s- was coined by historians when the academic world believed and relied on the existence of a coherent and catalysmic event that irrevocably and fundamentally changed what people knew about the natural world. This was seen as the moment at which the world was made modern. Historians called it the most profound achievement of the human mind. As such it outshone everything since the rise of Christianity and that Renaisssance and reformation were nothing compared to it.
2. The idea of revolution first in science and then in political life came after the Enlightenment as the people of the 18th century believed that they were doing something very radical about the ancien regime.
3. Today: a diverse array of cultural practices aimed at understanding, explaining, and controlling the natural environment. The continuity of the medieval past and natural philosophy together with no practice of a universal science method is more and more accepted. So instead we need to look at the aspects of the changes in knowledge about the natural world and changes in means in securing that knowledge.
4. From Copernicus’s new astronomy in the 16th century to Newton in the 17th century. The stages of this are:
mechanization of nature, using mechanical metaphors to explain nature
separating experiencing nature from viewing what nature is really like: depersonalization of knowledge about nature
formulating rules of method to take out human emotion – objevtivity
assuming that this reformed knowledge of nature is benign, powerful and disinterested so that it can be used in social and political life as well.
PRACTITIONERS
Copernicus: Heliocentric Theory (sun-centered astronomy)
Tycho Brahe and his sister Sophia: mid-16th to 17th century, movement of planets around the sun
Johannes Kepler, 1571-1630, Planetary motion and optics
Galileo Galilei 1564-1642, telescope
Descartes, 1596-1650, ‘I think therefore I am’
Isaac Newton, 1642-1727, gravity
1. The term scientific revolution - itself not even used before the 1930s- was coined by historians when the academic world believed and relied on the existence of a coherent and catalysmic event that irrevocably and fundamentally changed what people knew about the natural world. This was seen as the moment at which the world was made modern. Historians called it the most profound achievement of the human mind. As such it outshone everything since the rise of Christianity and that Renaisssance and reformation were nothing compared to it.
2. The idea of revolution first in science and then in political life came after the Enlightenment as the people of the 18th century believed that they were doing something very radical about the ancien regime.
3. Today: a diverse array of cultural practices aimed at understanding, explaining, and controlling the natural environment. The continuity of the medieval past and natural philosophy together with no practice of a universal science method is more and more accepted. So instead we need to look at the aspects of the changes in knowledge about the natural world and changes in means in securing that knowledge.
4. From Copernicus’s new astronomy in the 16th century to Newton in the 17th century. The stages of this are:
mechanization of nature, using mechanical metaphors to explain nature
separating experiencing nature from viewing what nature is really like: depersonalization of knowledge about nature
formulating rules of method to take out human emotion – objevtivity
assuming that this reformed knowledge of nature is benign, powerful and disinterested so that it can be used in social and political life as well.
PRACTITIONERS
Copernicus: Heliocentric Theory (sun-centered astronomy)
Tycho Brahe and his sister Sophia: mid-16th to 17th century, movement of planets around the sun
Johannes Kepler, 1571-1630, Planetary motion and optics
Galileo Galilei 1564-1642, telescope
Descartes, 1596-1650, ‘I think therefore I am’
Isaac Newton, 1642-1727, gravity
Monday, April 5, 2010
Absolutism and beyond: France and English Revolution
The struggle of the European kings to centralize their political control.
Remnants of feudal political system, nobility enjoying a semi-autonomous status, therefore resisting any attempts toward centralization.
The age of Louis XIV (r. 1643-1715)
First cooperation then manipulation and control of the aristocracy.
Sale of offices, creation of a new type of aristocracy totally faithful to Louis.
The old aristocracy kept under surveillence by Louis in Versailles.
Representation of the king as a semi-divine ruler through paintings that depicted him as Apollo or a Roman emperor.
L'Etat, c'est moi (I am the state).
The English kings failed in their struggle toward absolutism.
Stuarts were staunchly resisted by the Parliament, which finally managed to establish constitutional monarchy.
Glorious Revolution 1688.
Louis as a child
Louis and his family
Louis mocked by a comic strip
Versailles
Remnants of feudal political system, nobility enjoying a semi-autonomous status, therefore resisting any attempts toward centralization.
The age of Louis XIV (r. 1643-1715)
First cooperation then manipulation and control of the aristocracy.
Sale of offices, creation of a new type of aristocracy totally faithful to Louis.
The old aristocracy kept under surveillence by Louis in Versailles.
Representation of the king as a semi-divine ruler through paintings that depicted him as Apollo or a Roman emperor.
L'Etat, c'est moi (I am the state).
The English kings failed in their struggle toward absolutism.
Stuarts were staunchly resisted by the Parliament, which finally managed to establish constitutional monarchy.
Glorious Revolution 1688.
Louis as a child
Louis and his family
Louis mocked by a comic strip
Versailles
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