THE REFORMATION
A change of the religious dogma. A split in religious belief
with enormous political consequences in Europe and beyond
Europe was divided between the Catholic and Protestant states.
The reformers were protesting the medieval institution of the church which held the
monopoly of the means of salvation
1)THE CAUSES OF THE REFORMATION
a) Historical context
b) Theological disputes
2) THE OUTCOMES OF THE REFORMATION
Historical context:
Europe in the Early Modern Age, the beginnings of the reformation coincided with the era of European expansion which culminated in the rise of the capitalistic mode of production and market based economy.
Politically:
The growth of national consciousness and the rise of the absolute monarchies led to a
conflict of interest with the institution of the church
Corruption, abuses of the Catholic Church and objection to the doctrine of papal supremacy challenged the Catholic Church
THE RELIGIOUS DISPUTE
Why and how did the early 16th century upheaval bring about a revolution?
The sale of dispansations and indulgences
Martin Luther 1483-1546, declared in 1517 his 95 thesis and attacked the practice of selling indulgencies
The doctrine of JUSTIFICATION BY FAITH
The theology of Saint Paul
1521 Diet at Worms. Excommunication of Luther. Luther translated the Bible into German
Ulrich Zwingli 1484-1531
John Calvin 1509- 1564
THE OUTCOME
Reformation had farreaching consequences in the political and economic affairs of Europe
The support of the upper middle classes and the princes
